Chapters 26-28
Name:___________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
2) During the Great Depression, President Hoover
tried to aid farmers by permitting the Federal Farm Board to establish
stabilization corporations to purchase surplus wheat and cotton under the
2) _______
A) Agricultural Marketing
Act. B) Agricultural Adjustment Act.
C) McNary-Haugen Act. D) Farm Credit Administration.
3) During the Great Depression,
"Hoovervilles" became homes for 3)
_______
A) rebellious
farmers. B) homeless
people.
C) government
officials. D) displaced
Native Americans.
5) Under the Stimson Doctrine, the
A) announced
a complete boycott of any aggressor nation.
B) renounced
C) declared
that it would never recognize the legality of seizures made in violation of
American treaty rights.
D) applied
the principle of the Open Door Policy to Africa as well as
6) The weakest element in the economy during the
1920s was 6) _______
A) petroleum.
B) steel.
C) retailing.
D) agriculture.
7) In 1932,
A) Federal Reserve Board
B) Reconstruction Finance
Corporation
C) National Recovery
Administration
D) Emergency Banking Fund
8) The term with which President Warren G.
Harding is frequently identified is 8)
_______
A) normalcy. B) new freedom.
C) rugged
individualism. D) progressive
individualism.
12) The Republican elected president in
1928, who is labelled by your text as the "intellectual leader, almost the
philosopher, of the New Era," was 12)
______
A) Calvin Coolidge. B) Herbert Hoover.
C) Andrew Mellon. D) Warren G. Harding.
14) "If we undermine the stimulants to
individual effort which come alone from the spirit of
A) Norman Thomas. B) Franklin D. Roosevelt.
C) Huey Long. D) Herbert Hoover.
15) Herbert Hoover's primary response to
the Great Depression was to 15) ______
A) increase
direct federal assistance for the hungry and homeless.
B) let
the depression run its own course.
C) expand
direct federal relief to the unemployed.
D) try
to restore public confidence.
17) How were families of the unemployed affected
by the Great Depression? 17) ______
A) The birthrate increased
sharply.
B) Parents' authority tended
to increase.
C) Wives' influence tended to
increase.
D) Families with strong and
loving relationships were the most likely to crumble under the pressure.
19) The totalitarian challenge to the
A)
21)
A) raised
duties on most manufactured products to prohibitive levels.
B) raised
duties only slightly on manufactured products.
C) called
for "free trade" on most manufactured articles.
D) outlawed
importation of most manufactured goods.
22) According to your text, the
Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 was 22)
______
A) a
staggering blow to the economies of
B) enacted
so late it had no real effect on the Depression.
C) Hoover's last and best
effort to end the Depression as a worldwide phenomenon.
D)
24) The illegal leasing of government oil
reserves at
A) Herbert Hoover. B) Calvin Coolidge.
C) Warren G. Harding. D) Woodrow Wilson.
26) "The. .
.contracting parties solemnly declare. . .that they condemn recourse to war for
the solution of international controversies, and renounce it as an instrument
of national policy in their relations with one another." This source was the 26) ______
A) Four
Power Treaty. B) Atlantic Charter.
C) Kellogg-Briand Pact.
D) Good Neighbor Policy.
27) President Hoover believed that direct
economic aid to farmers 27) ______
A) was compatible with
traditional ideals of individualism.
B) was necessary to ease the
agricultural depression of the 1920s.
C) should
be opposed as a matter of principle.
D) should
have been included as part of a global plan of economic recovery.
28) President Franklin Roosevelt's plan of
reform and recovery was called the 28)
______
A) New Deal. B) New Nationalism.
C) Square Deal. D) New Era.
30) The democracies failed to unite to
resist totalitarianism during the '20s and '30s because they disagreed with
each other over the 30) ______
A) futures
of their colonies.
B) morality
of using force in foreign policy.
C) role
of the
D) repayment
of debts from the Great War.
31) Franklin D. Roosevelt owed his
nomination for president to his success as 31)
______
A) U.S. Senator from
C) Mayor of
32) "I stayed in the office a week without
going home. The tape was running, I've
forgotten how long that night. It must
have been ten, eleven o'clock before we got the final reports. It was like a thunder clap.
. .The Street had general confusion."
This statement was describing the 32)
______
A) effect
of Harding's sudden death.
B) reaction
to the election of
C) stock
market crash of October, 1929.
D) "
34)
A) intervene
actively in the economy by prohibiting manufacturers from cutting wages or
laying off workers.
B) provide
direct federal relief to the unemployed.
C) lend
funds to banks and corporations on the verge of collapse.
D) take
control of bankrupt state and local relief programs.
35) The president during the stock market
collapse and the start of the Great Depression was 35) ______
A) Calvin Coolidge. B) Herbert Hoover.
C) Franklin D. Roosevelt.
D) Warren G. Harding.
36) Under the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928,
the
A) renounce
war as a solution in international controversies.
B) cooperate
with the
C) join
the
D) reduce
its navy by half during the next ten years.
39) According to the text, the Great
Depression was a worldwide phenomenon caused chiefly by the 39) ______
A) worldwide
stock market booms of 1930.
B) illegal
financial manipulations by large bankers.
C) economic
imbalances resulting from the chaos of the Great War.
D) faulty
tax policies of the
40) During the 1920s, Franklin D. Roosevelt's
political ideas were 40) ______
A) uniformly
in agreement with the socialism of Eugene Debs and Norman Thomas.
B) profoundly
influenced by his experience of daily contact with the poor as a social worker.
C) consistent
with the basic values of Coolidge prosperity.
D) shaped
by his extensive study of the writings of John Maynard Keynes.
42) Immediately after the Great War,
Americans generally were 42) ______
A) retreating
into isolationism.
B) optimistic
about a "good neighbor" policy with
C) anxious
to participate in international organizations.
D) reluctant
to abandon the rest of the world.
43) The heart of
A) laissez-faire
economics.
B) decreasing
the size of the federal government.
C) bold,
persistent experimentation.
D) democratic
socialism.
46) During the 1920s, appointments to
federal regulatory agencies such as the Interstate Commerce Commission and the
Federal Reserve Board were generally 46)
______
A) pro-big business. B) anti-big business.
C) radical. D) liberal.
47) According to the text, the economic
problems causing the Great Depression came to a head mainly because of the
47) ______
A) New Era
"soak-the-rich" tax structure.
B) anti-business
attitudes in Congress.
C) easy-credit policies of
the Federal Reserve Board.
D) overconsumption
of consumer goods.
49) In the early 1930s, federal immigration
agents rounded up __________ for deportation because of fear they might become
dependent on public funds. 49) ______
A) Polish Americans. B) Italian Americans.
C) Mexican Americans. D) Russian Jews.
50) The "Bonus Army" which came
to
A) unemployed
steelworkers.
B) midwestern
farmers.
C) unemployed
veterans.
D) municipal,
county, and state employees.
51) During FDR's first two terms, __________
dramatically shifted their support from the Republicans to the Democrats.
51) ______
A) women
B) small businessmen
C) blacks
D) Catholics
52) Your text describes the philosophy of
the New Deal as 52) ______
A) emerging
from FDR's long fascination with social and economic theories.
B) lacking
any consistent ideological base.
C) founded
on FDR's systematic study of Marxism.
D) totally
rejecting previous American ideas and experiences.
53) The Civil Works Administration
53) ______
A) aided
financially ailing state governments.
B) provided
unemployment insurance to all workers engaged in interstate commerce.
C) offered
"handouts" to the unemployed.
D) created
jobs for the unemployed.
54) FDR sought to make the Supreme Court
more "pro-New Deal" in 1937 by proposing that 54) ______
A) the
four conservative justices should be forced to retire.
B) Congress should be able to
recall judges.
C) it
should be abolished.
D) the
number of justices should be increased.
55) What happened when
A) Despite a strong
isolationist reaction from the public,
B) A strong isolationist
reaction from the public forced
C) Congress agreed and
repealed the Neutrality Act of 1937.
D) Congress agreed and
decided the
57) In 1939 Adolph Hitler broke his
promise made at
A)
C) Austria. D)
58) FDR spoke for the hopes of many for a
better post-war world when he expressed his goal of 58) ______
A) Four Freedoms. B) One World.
C) Thirteen
Points. D) Peace in Our Time.
59) According to the text, the "most
significant" aspect of the "
A) demonstrated
the need for strong, activist Presidents in the modern era.
B) caused
the expansion of federal power.
C) committed
the country to the idea of federal responsibility for the national welfare.
D) caused
a proliferation of federal agencies.
60) "Like all lawyers, like all Americans, I
regret the necessity of controversy, but the welfare of the United States, and
indeed of the Constitution itself, is what we all must think about first. Our difficulty with the Court today rises not
from the court as an institution but from human beings within it. But we cannot yield our constitutional
destiny to the personal judgment of a few men who, being fearful of the future,
would deny us the necessary means of dealing with the present." This author was 60) ______
A) Louis Brandeis. B) Charles Evans Hughes.
C) Franklin D. Roosevelt.
D) George Norris.
61) According to the text, Franklin
Roosevelt was 61) ______
A) cold
and awkward in his relations with the public.
B) one
of the most effective chief executives in the nation's history.
C) totally
successful in ending the Depression with the New Deal.
D) far
too inflexible to be an effective leader.
62) In 1940, the Roosevelt Administration
"traded" 50 World War I destroyers to
A) 240 aircraft. B) 12 battleships.
C) air
bases in
63) The "Hundred Days" refers to
the enormous amount of legislation enacted during the 63) ______
A) first
three months of FDR's first administration.
B) interim
between FDR's election and his inauguration.
C) last
three months of FDR's first administration.
D) first
three months of FDR's second administration.
64) The Agricultural Adjustment Act sought
to raise farm income by 64) ______
A) increasing
commodity production.
B) conserving
natural resources.
C) granting
all producers cash payments.
D) restricting
commodity production.
65) Perhaps the most serious weakness of
the Agricultural Adjustment Act was 65)
______
A) failing
to assist tenant farmers and sharecroppers.
B) encouraging
overproduction of basic commodities.
C) promoting
rural migration to urban centers.
D) allowing
destruction of crops and livestock.
66) The New Deal's
A) was
promoted by private power companies.
B) was
found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
C) provided
a "yardstick" in electricity rates so people could compare the rates
charged by private power companies.
D) was short-lived and
unsuccessful.
68) The labor organization led by John L. Lewis,
which fought to organize the semi-skilled and unskilled workers in major mass
production industries in the 1930s, was the 68) ______
A) Industrial Workers of the
World.
B) Teamster's
C) Committee for Industrial
Organization.
D) American Federation of
Labor.
69) In the early New Deal, FDR hoped to stimulate
business recovery through the partial suspension of anti-trust laws but with
worker protection in the __________ Act. 69)
______
A) Glass-Steagall B) Emergency Bank
C) National Industrial
Recovery D)
Reconstruction Finance
71) In September 1939,
A)
C) Poland. D)
72) The New Deal's Indian Reorganization
Act of 1934, encouraged 72) ______
A) a
separate Civil Works Administration for the Native American population.
B) returning
individually owned lands to tribal control.
C) terminating
the reservation system.
D) tribal
authority by declaring all Native Americans American citizens.
73)
A) a
regular newspaper column, "Ask the President."
B) "fireside
chats."
C) press
assistants who orchestrated his messages.
D) frequent
public appearances.
74) The novel that best portrayed the
desperate plight of millions impoverished by the Depression was The Grapes of
Wrath written by 74) ______
A) Sinclair Lewis. B) John Steinbeck.
C) Willa Cather. D) Ernest Hemingway.
75) When the United Automobile Workers
conducted "sit-down strikes" against General Motors, Roosevelt
75) ______
A) temporarily
nationalized General Motors to restore order.
B) pledged
his support to the strikers.
C) thought
them illegal, but refused to intervene.
D) sent
in the National Guard to drive the workers out of the plants.
76) At the end of November, 1941, the
A) virtually
unprepared for the possibility of war.
B) willing
to aid
C) fighting
an undeclared naval war with
D) still
unwilling to aid
79) How did the Neutrality Act of 1935 treat the
sale of munitions? 79) ______
A) It forbade their sale to
those nations that historically had been
B) It limited their sale to
only
C) It forbade their sale to
all belligerents whenever the president should proclaim that a state of war
existed.
D) It approved of their sale
to those nations "protected" by the Monroe Doctrine.
80) According to the text, the
A) William Faulkner. B) Margaret Mitchell.
C) Walter Edmonds. D) Thomas Wolfe.
81) The New Deal measure which the Supreme Court
declared unconstitutional in Schecter v.
A) Agricultural Adjustment
B) National Industrial
Recovery
C) Wealth Tax
D) Public Utility Holding
Company
82) The New Deal program which provided billions
of dollars for roads, stadiums, actors, writers, and artists was the __________
Administration. 82) ______
A) National Recovery B) Federal Emergency
Relief
C) Works Progress D) Manpower Training
83) Democracy and fascism clashed in 1936
when civil war broke out in 83) ______
A)
84) On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the Allies
invaded 84) ______
A)
C) Denmark. D)
85) A major social effect of World War II
on American life was a 85) ______
A) tendency for the
population to shift to
B) general
decrease in the income of workers and farmers.
C) return
of women to the role of full-time housewives.
D) serious
decline in the standard of living.
86) A desperate German counterattack in December
1944, at the German-Belgian border almost broke the Allied lines. This was the 86) ______
A)
C) Battle of the Bulge.
D)
87) At the __________ conference Roosevelt and
Churchill agreed to Soviet annexation of large sections of eastern
A)
88) "I walked in there, in my overalls, and
suddenly all the machines stopped and every guy in the shop just turned around
and looked at me. It took.
. .two weeks before anyone even talked to me.
The discrimination was indescribable.
They wanted to kill me. . .Anyway, eventually
some of the men became very friendly, particularly the older ones. . .They were
sort of fatherly, protective." The
World War II experience described above was the 88) ______
A) resistance
to women workers.
B) rapid
racial integration of the armed forces.
C) intolerance
German-Americans faced.
D) internment
of Japanese-Americans.
89) "As we went through the gate, the first
thing that met my eyes was a pile of about forty or fifty dead men, piled four
or five deep, like cordwood. . .This pile of bodies was by no means normal. .
.They killed more than they could burn because the Americans were coming. .
." This author was describing the
89) ______
A) headquarters
of Hitler in
B) Japanese prisoner of war
camps.
C) aftermath
of the
D) Nazi concentration camps.
91) The text concludes that World War II
"caused a fundamental change in international politics." One aspect of this change was the 91) ______
A) triumph
of isolationism in
B) reduction
of all the Western European nations to the status of second-class powers.
C) formation
of a world government under the United Nations.
D) sudden
independence gained by many former European colonies in
93) "The government has shown that it
intends to follow the whims. . .of public opinion,
rather than the cold light of proof. It
has rejected us spiritually, economically and politically by surrounding us
with barbed wire and armed sentries. It
has passed us by both in national defense and on the home front. It has allowed the growing suspicion that we
are undesirable and dangerous to. . .spread until
actual hostility is shown to us. . ."
This author was a(n) 93) ______
A) African-American. B) Italian-American.
C) German-American. D) Japanese-American.
94) During the early 1940s, the Manhattan
Project was established to create the 94)
______
A) United Nations. B) Central Intelligence
Agency.
C) jet
airplane. D) atomic
bomb.
95) At the
A) divide
B) exact
no reparations from
C) hold
free elections in all of
D) have
future discussions on international control of the atomic bomb.
97) Japanese policy in Asia in the 1930s
conflicted with
A) Open Door Policy. B)
C) Monroe Doctrine. D) Good Neighbor Policy.
98) To pay a large part of the cost of
World War II, the government 98) ______
A) borrowed
from
B) borrowed
from corporations.
C) increased
taxes.
D) simply
printed as much paper money as needed.
99) According to the text, the
technological development which revolutionized naval warfare in World War II
was the 99) ______
A) amphibious
landing craft. B) airplane.
C) shortwave
radio. D) submarine.
101) The real center of authority in the
United Nations was the 101) ______
A) Security Council. B) Secretariat.
C) General Assembly. D) Economic and Social Council.
103) In August 1942, Americans began their
campaign in the Pacific by attacking the island of 103) ______
A)
C) Guadalcanal. D)
105) The brilliant and egocentric commander
of American land forces in the Pacific was 105) ______
A) George S. Patton. B) Dwight D. Eisenhower.
C) Bernard Montgomery.
D) Douglas MacArthur.
106) According to the text, one of the
problems with the New Deal was that it 106)
______
A) was
guided by FDR's stubborn unwillingness to modify his ultimate objectives.
B) was
limited by FDR's very strict and narrow interpretation of constitutional limits
on presidential power.
C) discouraged
the growth of unions.
D) increased
the size of the federal bureaucracy and made government more difficult to
monitor.
107) The popular "Radio Priest"
whose program criticized
A) Francis Townsend. B)
C) Father Charles Coughlin.
D) Billy Sunday.
109)
A) recession
of 1937-38.
B) end
of the gold standard.
C) continued
crop failures on the
D) corruption
within the WPA.
110) The most formidable of the extremists
opposing Roosevelt and leader of the "Share-Our-Wealth" movement was
110) ______
A) Upton Sinclair. B) Dr. Francis E. Townsend.
C) Father Charles E.
Coughlin. D) Huey P. Long.
111) By the day of FDR's inauguration in
1933, banking operations 111) ______
A) had
collapsed totally throughout the country.
B) had
been suspended in four-fifths of the states.
C) continued,
despite several well-publicized failures.
D) remained largely
unaffected by the Depression.
114) The Civilian Conservation Corps was
intended primarily to aid 114) ______
A) unemployed
youth in soil conservation and reforestation.
B) farmers
in preserving erodible land with shelter belts.
C) large
manufacturers in their recycling efforts.
D) western
states in reclaiming land destroyed by strip mining.
115) In early 1941, FDR
proposed aiding the financially exhausted British under the __________ Act.
115) ______
A) War Resources B) Lend-Lease
C) Johnson Debt Default D) Burke-Wadsworth
116) During FDR's first term, 1933-1937,
the hallmark of American foreign policy was 116) ______
A) stopping
the spread of fascism. B) neutrality and isolationism.
C) dollar
diplomacy. D) confronting
the
117) The chief obstacle to New Deal
legislation, which FDR tried to outmaneuver in 1937, was 117) ______
A) Senator Huey P. Long.
B) former
President Herbert Hoover.
C) the
National Association of Manufacturers.
D) the
Supreme Court.
123) The lives of blacks improved during
and immediately after World War II because 123) ______
A) black
leaders patiently waited for justice while patriotically and unquestioningly
supporting the war.
B)
C) the
armed forces were fully integrated.
D) Hitler's brutal treatment
of millions of Jews led Americans to reexamine their own racial views.
124) In response to the
slaughter of Jews in the Nazi holocaust, the
124)
______
A) did
almost nothing.
B) helped
Jewish refugees escape.
C) bombed
the death camps.
D) destroyed
railroads leading to the death camps.
126) According to the text, President
Truman dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of
A) wanted
to persuade the Soviet Union to intervene in the fight against
B) hoped
to bring the war to a quick end and save lives.
C) thought
bombing
D) did
not have enough
127) How well did the Soviets cooperate with the
Americans during the war? 127) ______
A) They shared a common
commitment to defeating Hitler and seemed willing to cooperate on postwar
problems.
B) They cooperated only
reluctantly and with great hesitation.
C) They reinstated the
Comintern to promulgate world revolution.
D) They refused to sign the
Declaration of the United Nations of 1942.
128) Because of a crippling wartime strike,
the federal government seized the 128)
______
A) steel
mills. B) railroads.
C) automobile
factories. D) coal
mines.
132) The "Second" New Deal measure
giving workers the right to bargain collectively and prohibiting employers from
interfering with union organization activities in their factories was the
__________ Act. 132) ______
A) Social Security
B) National Labor Relations
or Wagner
C) National Industrial
Recovery
D) Taft-Hartley
133) The American strategy in the Pacific
to conquer only strategic islands was called 133) ______
A) "leapfrogging."
B) "containment."
C) "island
hopping." D) "search and destroy."
136)
A) brilliant
military strategy.
B) strong
defense of the rights of Japanese-Americans.
C) skillful
administration of war production.
D) ability
to inspire people with a sense of national purpose.
137) The war effort between 1941 and 1945
137) ______
A) significantly
lowered the standard of living.
B) improved
the standard of living only for industrial workers.
C) greatly
improved the standard of living.
D) had
almost no adverse effect on the average person's standard of living.
138) The United States declared war on
A) French Indo-China. B)
C) Pearl Harbor. D)
140) "I was putting my chopsticks to my
second bowl of rice. It felt as though a
magnesium flare of greenish-white light had hit my face and then there was an
ear-splitting roar and simultaneously everything became so dark that I couldn't
see an inch ahead. I dropped my
chopsticks and rice bowl and stood up.
After that I don't know what happened." This author was at 140) ______
A)
C) Manila. D)
141) Over 100,000 __________ were relocated and
interned during World War II. 141) ______
A) Japanese Americans.
B) German Americans.
C) Russian Americans. D) Italian Americans.
142) When President Roosevelt died in April
1945, he was succeeded by 142) ______
A) Thomas E. Dewey. B) Henry Wallace.
C) Cordell Hull. D) Harry Truman.
143) Immediately after
A) concentrate
first against
B) develop
radar.
C) concentrate
first against
D) develop
the atomic bomb.
145) In 1943, young
__________ men wearing "zoot suits" were attacked by rioting sailors
in
A) Hispanic B) Native American
C) Japanese-American D) black
146) One of the major limitations of the
United Nations Security Council was that 146)
______
A) only
great powers can be members.
B) any
great power can block UN action.
C) neither
the Soviets nor the Americans were initially members.
D) all
of its actions must be approved by the General Assembly.
149) During World War II, black males were
149) ______
A) permitted
to join the various services but were segregated.
B) not
allowed to serve in the armed forces.
C) incorporated
into the regular services without regard to race.
D) only
allowed to serve in the military overseas.
150) In November 1942, Allied forces made
their first attack on Nazi-controlled territory by landing in 150) ______
A)
C) France. D)
ESSAY. Answer any two
of the following questions. Your
response should be at least a page each.
Be sure to begin with a clear thesis and supply ample detailed facts to
support your points. Each answer should
be clearly divided into paragraphs that begin with clear, succinct topic
sentences.
.
181) Summarize the basic
causes, both domestic and international, of the stock market crash and the
Great Depression. Evaluate their
relative weight as causes of the Great Depression.
185) Describe the major
effects of the early years of the Great Depression for Americans. Summarize the responses of the
190) Describe the basic
strategy and major campaigns of World War II in
191) Explain the long
term significance of the New Deal.
Summarize its impact on factory workers, blacks, women, and Native
Americans.