MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

 

1)  When America refused to withdraw its armed forces, the Filipinos 1)   _______

A) demanded to be included in the treaty negotiations.

B) sent a special delegation to tour America and appeal directly to the people.

C) appealed to the Spanish for military aid.

D) launched a guerilla war against the American forces.

 

 

2)  In the first battle of the Spanish-American War, Commodore George Dewey 2)   _______

A) sank the bulk of the Spanish navy in its home port of Barcelona.

B) raided Havana and kidnapped Spanish General Valeriano Weyler.

C) routed the Spanish fleet in Havana harbor and blockaded Cuba.

D) devastated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.

 

 

3)  "The lawful government. . .was overthrown without the drawing of a sword or the firing of a shot by a process every step of which. . .is directly traceable to. . .the United States acting through its diplomatic and naval representatives. . .I instructed Minister Willis to advise the Queen and her supporters of my desire to aid in the restoration of the status existing before the lawless landing of the United States forces. . ."  The topic of the above was 3)   _______

A) Hawaii. B)  Guam.

C) the Philippines. D)  Cuba.

 

 

4)  In the "insular cases" the Supreme Court ruled that 4)   _______

A) Congress must follow the Constitution when legislating for colonies.

B) colonies could never become states.

C) Congress was not bound to follow the Constitution in legislating for colonies.

D) annexation of the Philippines was unconstitutional.

 

 

5)  A canal across the Isthmus of Panama was initially started by the 5)   ______

A) Germans. B)  English. C)  French. D)  Danes.

 

 

6)  In 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from 6)   ______

A) France. B)  England. C)  Russia. D)  Spain.

 

 

7)  During the Civil War, __________ established a protectorate over Mexico and installed Archduke Maximillian as emperor. 7)   ______

A) Spain B)  Germany C)  Austria D)  France

 

 

8)  Expansionists who wished to annex the Philippines seemed most interested in 8)   ______

A) keeping the islands out of the hands of European imperialists.

B) preserving the integrity of the Open Door policy.

C) spreading democracy and Christianity to "uncivilized" peoples.

D) establishing the Philippines as the gateway to Asian markets.

 

 

9)  At the turn of the twentieth century, the so-called Boxer Rebellion broke out in 9)   ______

A) Japan. B)  Korea. C)  China. D)  Siam.

 

 

10)  According to the "Gentlemen's Agreement" negotiated by Roosevelt in 1907, 10)   ______

A) the main issues of the Russo-Japanese War were peacefully settled.

B) American control of the Panama Canal Zone was guaranteed for fifty years.

C) Japan promised not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in America.

D) Chinese immigration was severely restricted.

 

 

11)  President __________ called his policy of influencing other countries without actually controlling them "dollar diplomacy." 11)   ______

A) William McKinley B)  Woodrow Wilson

C) William Howard Taft D)  Theodore Roosevelt

 

 

12)  By the beginning of World War I, how did most Americans view their role in the world? 12)   ______

A) They were keenly aware of the implications of extending American influence into underdeveloped nations.

B) They had rejected the isolationism of earlier generations.

C) They perceived themselves as weak when compared to European powers and vulnerable to attack.

D) They did as they wanted in foreign affairs, unlimited by any rational analysis of the probable consequences.

 

 

13)  Americans had stronger reasons for extending their influence in Latin America rather than in the Pacific because they 13)   ______

A) saw greater needs to bring Christianity to the inhabitants.

B) had no footholds in the Pacific until after World War I.

C) were accustomed to protecting American interests in Latin America under the Monroe Doctrine.

D) feared they would be shut off from Latin American markets by European imperialism.

 

 

 

14)  "The present condition of affairs in Cuba is a constant menace to our peace. . .In the name of humanity, in the name of civilization, in behalf of endangered American interests which give us the right and the duty to speak and act, the war in Cuba must stop.  In view of these facts, . . . ,I ask the Congress to authorize the. . . President. . .to secure a full and final termination of hostilities between the Government of Spain and the people of Cuba. . ."  The above author was14)   ______

A) Grover Cleveland. B)  Theodore Roosevelt.

C) William McKinley. D)  William Howard Taft.

 

 

15)  In 1900, the United States insisted that the constitution of __________ grant America naval bases and authorize American intervention whenever necessary to protect life, property, and individual liberty.15)   ______

A) Puerto Rico B)  Panama C)  Cuba D)  China

 

 

16)  In February 1898, the American battleship the __________ mysteriously exploded in Havana harbor. 16)   ______

A) Massachusetts B)  Iowa

C) Vermont D)  Maine

 

 

17)  In order to build the Panama Canal on the terms he wanted, President Roosevelt intervened militarily to aid the Panamanian revolt against 17)   ______

A) Honduras. B)  Colombia. C)  Guatemala. D)  Nicaragua.

 

 

18)  After the Spanish-American War, heated debates raged over the imperialism of annexing 18)   ______

A) Puerto Rico. B)  the Dominican Republic.

C) the Philippine Islands. D)  Cuba.

 

 

19)  The American politician who formed a volunteer unit, the "Rough Riders," and participated in storming San Juan Hill was 19)   ______

A) Theodore Roosevelt. B)  Benjamin Harrison.

C) Woodrow Wilson. D)  Henry Cabot Lodge.

 

 

20)  The "Open Door" policy attempted to preserve the chances for American business to enter the markets of 20)   ______

A) Japan. B)  India.

C) China. D)  Central America.

 

 

21)  On the eve of World War I the United States was a 21)   ______

A) minor but growing regional power.

B) marginal regional power.

C) world power.

D) major but rapidly declining world power.

 

 

23)  The major issue in the Spanish-American War was the independence of23)   ______

A) Venezuela. B)  Cuba. C)  Colombia. D)  Honduras.

 

 

24)  Early in the twentieth century, the United States announced that it must "exercise ...an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere in the 24)   ______

A) Teller Amendment.

B) "Open Door" Policy.

C) Platt Amendment.

D) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

 

 

25)  The Panama Canal opened for ship traffic 25)   ______

A) during the Spanish-American War.

B) after World War II.

C) on the eve of World War I.

D) in the 1920s.

 

 

 

26)  Under the Platt Amendment, 26)   ______

A) America promised to grant independence to the Philippines by 1925.

B) Cuba promised to allow American businesses to do as they wished.

C) America promised it would not acquire the Philippines as a result of the Spanish-American War.

D) Cuba promised to grant naval bases to America and to avoid treaties with any foreign power which might compromise its independence.

 

 

 

27)  Many Americans were shocked and outraged when the British liner the __________ was torpedoed and almost 1200 people died.27)   ______

A) Laconia. B)  Lusitania.

C) Prince of Wales. D)  Halifax.

 

 

28)  The Great War triggered a major movement of 28)   ______

A) urbanites to rural communities.

B) southern blacks to northern cities.

C) farmers to urban centers.

D) European immigrants to the United States.

 

 

29)  In wooing the progressives in the election of 1916, Wilson 29)   ______

A) appointed well-known progressive Felix Frankfurter to the Supreme Court.

B) reversed himself and put into effect almost every important plank of the 1912 Progressive platform.

C) proposed "class legislation" which favored "special interests."

D) chose Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate.

 

 

30)  If the United States had not entered the Great War, it is likely that 30)   ______

A) the Allies would have won anyway.

B) there would have been a negotiated settlement because of the mutual exhaustion of both sides.

C) the Central Powers would have won in 1918.

D) the Bolshevik revolution would have succeeded in spreading to the rest of Europe.

 

 

31)  In February, 1917, the U.S. learned of the __________ Telegram in which Germany offered a military alliance to Mexico if the U.S. entered the war on the Allied side. 31)   ______

A) Ludendorf B)  Hindenburg

C) Nogales D)  Zimmermann

 

 

 

32)  In their greatest engagement of the war, in September, 1918, despite the heavy loss of 120,000 casualties, American troops won the Battle of 32)   ______

A) Chateau-Thierry. B)  Verdun.

C) Argonne Forest. D)  Belleau Wood.

 

 

33)  The basic reason why the U.S. Senate failed to ratify the Versailles Treaty was the 33)   ______

A) refusal of both Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge to compromise.

B) failure of the Treaty to include a League of Nations.

C) uncompromising opposition of the "irreconcilables."

D) conflict between the treaty and the Monroe Doctrine.

 

 

34)  According to your text, many Americans favored neutrality during the Great War because 34)   ______

A) over two-thirds of all Americans were either first or second generation immigrants.

B) Americans traditionally feared entanglement in European affairs.

C) they did not care which side won.

D) they believed the Allies were going to win the war within the first six months.

 

 

 

35)  In 1916, United States troops, commanded by General John J. Pershing, invaded __________ to capture "Pancho" Villa. 35)   ______

A) Haiti. B)  Mexico.

C) Nicaragua. D)  Puerto Rico.

 

 

36)  The former mining engineer and head of the Belgian Relief Commission, whom Wilson named to mobilize America's agricultural resources, was 36)   ______

A) William Jennings Bryan. B)  Herbert Hoover.

C) Frank P. Walsh. D)  William G. McAdoo.

 

 

37)  Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points included 37)   ______

A) industrial development of the Third World.

B) freedom for all colonies.

C) world disarmament.

D) freedom of the seas.

 

 

38)  The American Expeditionary Force was commanded by General 38)   ______

A) Arthur MacArthur. B)  John J. Pershing.

C) Peyton C. March. D)  Newton D. Baker.

 

 

39)  Wilson believed that any weaknesses in the Versailles Treaty could be overcome by the 39)   ______

A) Fourteen Points. B)  Lodge Reservations.

C) League of Nations. D)  World Court.

 

 

40)  When the United States entered the Great War, from a military point of view, the country was 40)   ______

A) lacking both a standing army and navy.

B) extremely well prepared.

C) fairly well prepared.

D) poorly prepared.

 

 

41)  The peace settlement reached at the Paris conference of 1919 was called the __________ Treaty. 41)   ______

A) Versailles B)  Wilson-Clemenceau

C) Meuse-Argonne D)  League of Nations

 

 

42)  During the Great War, the federal government asked citizens to 42)   ______

A) increase domestic food consumption.

B) invest in the stock market.

C) buy "Victory" and "Liberty" bonds.

D) avoid traveling between major cities.

 

 

43)  American attitudes towards the two sides in the Great War were most influenced by 43)   ______

A) conflicts over freedom of the seas.

B) German propaganda.

C) Wilson's militarism.

D) British propaganda.

 

 

44)  As a wartime leader, Wilson was 44)   ______

A) forceful and inspiring.

B) totally unwilling to have government regulate the economy.

C) too idealistic and unrealistic.

D) lucky that America was so well prepared for war.

 

 

45)  Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Vittorio Orlando were 45)   ______

A) jailed for criticizing the war in America.

B) the first three presidents of the League of Nations.

C) the commanding generals of the French, English, and Italian armies.

D) members of the so-called Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference.

 

 

46)  This future American political leader commanded an artillery battalion in France during the Great War. 46)   ______

A) Franklin D. Roosevelt B)  Harry S. Truman

C) Dwight D. Eisenhower D)  Thomas E. Dewey

 

 

47)  The 1920s saw immense changes in popular culture because of the two new technologies of 47)   ______

A) microphones and typewriters. B)  phonographs and televisions.

C) telephones and telegraphs. D)  motion pictures and radios.

 

 

48)  During the 1920s blacks experienced 48)   ______

A) increasing integration in smaller northern towns.

B) optimism based on gains in civil rights.

C) decreasing militancy and activism.

D) discrimination and concentration in northern ghettos.

 

 

49)  According to your text, the most horrible example of the social malaise of the 1920s, was the 49)   ______

A) campaign for birth control.

B) revival of the Ku Klux Klan.

C) intimidation of the "Red Scare."

D) popularity of religious fundamentalism.

 

 

50)  During the 1920s, how were immigrants from southern and eastern Europe affected by the new quota system of immigration? 50)   ______

A) They found it much easier to immigrate.

B) There was a larger quota for them than they could use.

C) They found it much more difficult to immigrate.

D) They continued to immigrate at the same rate as from 1900 to 1914.

 

 

51)  One of the worst blows to women's rights during the 1920s was the51)   ______

A) Supreme Court's Muller v. Oregon decision.

B) Child Labor Amendment to the Constitution.

C) Sheppard-Towner Act.

D) Supreme Court's Adkins v. Children's Hospital decision.

 

 

52)  During the 1920s, the ___________ industry  had the single most important impact on the nation's booming economy. 52)   ______

A) housing B)  automobile

C) steel D)  motion picture

 

 

 

53)  America's foremost cynic of the 1920s, who displayed witty contempt for almost everything, was 53)   ______

A) Gertrude Stein. B)  Ezra Pound.

C) H. L. Mencken. D)  David Danbom.

 

 

54)  According to your text, the literature of the 1920s reflected the 54)   ______

A) disillusionment of the intellectuals.

B) hopeful experimentation of the progressives.

C) romantic innocence of an earlier age.

D) liberal faith in the basic goodness and reasonableness of people.

 

 

55)  The expatriate novelist Ernest Hemingway  55)   ______

A) had a verbose, rather uncontrolled style which had almost no influence on other writers.

B) was most famous for his Pulitzer prize winning novel, This Side of Paradise.

C) portrayed a world of rootless desperation, amorality, and outrage at life's meaninglessness.

D) was the least talented of the many American expatriates who gained some fame in this era.

 

 

56)  "I would never go back again to nurse women's ailing bodies while their miseries were as vast as the stars.  I was now finished with superficial cures. . .I resolved that women should have knowledge of contraception.  They have every right to know about their own bodies.  I would strike outhorizontalI would scream from the housetops.  I would tell the world what was going on in the lives of these poor women.  I would be heard.  No matter what it should cost.  I would be heard . . ."  The above author was 56)   ______

A) Carrie Chapman Catt. B)  Alice Paul.

C) Margaret Sanger. D)  Jane Addams.

 

 

57)  The 1925 Dayton, Tennessee "Monkey Trial" dealt with57)   ______

A) teaching evolution in the public schools.

B) promoting free speech.

C) halting cruelty to animals.

D) limiting freedom of religion.

 

 

58)  What was the effect of the Great War upon the American economy from 1914 to 1916? 58)   ______

A) Because of Wilson's embargo, there was almost no effect.

B) Trade with the Allies almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Central Powers almost disappeared.

C) Because of Wilson's embargo, the economy suffered a severe recession.

D) Trade with the Central Powers almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Allies fell to a trickle.

 

 

 

59)  At the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, the Allied Powers included 59)   ______

A) the United States, Great Britain, and France.

B) Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany.

C) Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Germany.

D) Great Britain, France, and Russia.

 

 

60)  The leader of the Republican opposition in the Senate to Wilson's League of Nations was 60)   ______

A) Henry Cabot Lodge. B)  Newton D. Baker.

C) Warren G. Harding. D)  William G. McAdoo.

 

 

61)  President Wilson's basic approach to foreign relations was that he 61)   ______

A) favored aggressive military expansion by America.

B) feared and despised foreign nations.

C) wanted to spread the gospel of American democracy to enlighten the unfortunate and ignorant.

D) thought the "Open Door" policy and the Panama Canal should be abandoned as imperialistic.

 

 

 

62)  The Great War was precipitated by the 62)   ______

A) inability of the French and the Germans to reach a peaceful settlement in their dispute over control of the Alsace-Lorraine region.

B) Austrians launching a massive offensive across Switzerland in order to outflank and surprise the French.

C) French invading Germany to seek revenge for their humiliation in the Franco-Prussian War.

D) assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a Serbian nationalist.

 

 

63)  "If such a deplorable situation should arise, the Imperial German Government can readily appreciate that the Government of the United States would be constrained to hold the Imperial German Government to a strict accountability for such acts of their naval authorities and to take any steps it might be necessary . . . to safeguard American lives and property and to secure to American citizens the full enjoyment of their acknowledged rights on the high seas. . ."  The author's topic was the 63)   ______

A) German navy's blockade with its surface fleet of English shipping.

B) shelling of English cities by German battleships.

C) U-boat attacks on merchant ships without warning.

D) impressment of German-American citizens by the German navy.

 

 

64)  The symbol of the "lost generation" and the author of The Great Gatsby was 64)   ______

A) Henry Adams. B)  Carl Sandburg.

C) F. Scott Fitzgerald. D)  Ezra Pound.

 

 

65)  The infamous gangster who grabbed wealth and power in Chicago during prohibition was 65)   ______

A) Al Capone. B)  Pretty Boy Floyd.

C) Machine Gun Kelly. D)  Clyde Barrow.

 

 

66)  The major effect of advertising on radio was 66)   ______

A) production of programs of little intellectual content or controversy, aimed at the lowest tastes.

B) an overnight mushrooming of the number of stations.

C) so devastating that the Federal Communications Commission was forced to step in and regulate advertising.

D) limited because early advertising was so unsophisticated.

 

 

67)  During the 1920s, American sports were 67)   ______

A) extraordinarily popular.

B) still regionally based.

C) relatively unaffected by the influence of radio and advertising.

D) torn by conflicts about the influence of money in amateur sports.

 

 

68)  A major factor in the collapse of the Ku Klux Klan in the late 1920s was the 68)   ______

A) condemnation of it by Protestant churches.

B) federal crack-down on its violence.

C) growing public awareness of its cruelty.

D) increase in rural prosperity.

 

 

69)  Jazz was the music of the 1920s because it 69)   ______

A) fit in easily with the prevailing "Tin Pan Alley" tradition.

B) required little sophistication to play or enjoy.

C) emphasized structure and order at a time when many people felt their lives were out of control.

D) expressed many people's desire to break with tradition and throw off conventional restraints.

 

 

 

70)  During the Great War, mere criticism of the government became cause for arrest and imprisonment under the __________ Act. 70)   ______

A) Americanism B)  Trading-with-the-Enemies

C) Espionage D)  Sedition

 

 

71)  The first significant talking movie was 71)   ______

A) Father of the Bride. B)  The Jazz Singer.

C) Birth of a Nation. D)  The Great Train Robbery.

 

 

72)  The greatest film star of his era, who won fame as a sad little tramp, was 72)   ______

A) Harold Lloyd. B)  Groucho Marx.

C) Charlie Chaplin. D)  Buster Keaton.

 

 

73)  The chief counsel for the defendant, John T. Scopes, in the famous "Monkey Trial" was 73)   ______

A) William Jennings Bryan. B)  Louis Brandeis.

C) Clarence Darrow. D)  Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

 

 

74)  In May 1927, the first solo non-stop flight from New York to Paris was made in his Spirit of St. Louis by 74)   ______

A) Charles Lindbergh. B)  Wilbur Wright.

C) Malcolm Lockheed. D)  John B. Rae.

 

 

 

75)  "A spirit of libertinism is abroad among our youth.  There is little or no respect for parents and superiors in many of our homes and schools and churches.  There is. . .a bold and brazen defiance of decency and modesty in dress and speech and conduct."  The above author was a75)   ______

A) leftwing advocate of "free-love" and birth control in the progressive era.

B) machine politician lamenting the settlement house movement.

C) conservative critic of the "flaming youth" of the 1920s.

D) Greenwich Village intellectual satirizing prohibition.

 

 

76)  The Sacco-Vanzetti case graphically demonstrated that American justice had little sympathy towards 76)   ______

A) radicals and aliens. B)  Native Americans.

C) religious fundamentalism. D)  Catholics.

 

 

77)  It would be accurate to say that Henry Ford 77)   ______

A) realized mass production could make a car cheap enough for the average consumer.

B) demonstrated the value of a college degree in engineering in directing an industry which was rapidly changing.

C) was a great inventor.

D) campaigned against ignorance and anti-Semitism.

 

 

78)  The leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, whose slogan was "Back to Africa," was 78)   ______

A) Langston Hughes. B)  Booker T. Washington.

C) Marcus Garvey. D)  W. E. B. Du Bois.

 

 

79)  The flourishing of black literature, theatre, and music during the twenties was known as the 79)   ______

A) Pan-African Renaissance. B)  Harlem Renaissance.

C) Black Power Movement. D)  Back to Africa Movement.

 

 

80)  The prohibition movement was most strongly supported by __________ Americans. 80)   ______

A) urban B)  rural

C) working-class D)  immigrant

 

 

ESSAY.  Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

 

 

81)  Summarize the causes, major events, and results of the Spanish-American War.

 

 

 

82)  Summarize Wilson's role in peace negotiations and treaty ratification after the Great War.  Explain Wilson's goals and assumptions when the negotiations began.  Evaluate how successful he was in realizing those goals.

 

 

83)  The 1920s is sometimes seen as a golden age of sports and popular culture.  Do you agree or disagree?  Support your point of view with evidence from trends, developments, and major figures.

 

 

84)  Explain why Americans were neutral at the beginning of the Great War and why they abandoned that policy.  Summarize American involvement in the Great War and explain why America's entry determined the outcome of the war.

 

 

85)  Who comprised the "lost generation"?  Describe their common characteristics as well as the achievements of some of the major figures.

 

 

86)  Describe the major technological and economic trends which transformed American society in the 1920s.  Describe the leading figures and their accomplishments.